break

Chapter 3 Break 5 Habits

Changing any habit can be challenging. Changing a habit that has been going on for many years, that involves our emotional, social and psychological lives, is difficult. But change is possible. Here are 5 habits to break that can make a difference in your weight.

Matthew Clark, Ph.D.      Psychology

By using the right strategies for you, you can succeed in breaking the five unhealthy habits detailed in this chapter. Try these ideas:

Have confidence in yourself. If we believe in ourselves, we can succeed. Anticipate urges and plan strategies for managing urges. If every day at work, for the past 10 years, when I’m under stress I’ve walked to the break room and had a candy bar, I shouldn’t expect my desire for candy bars to just disappear. Having an urge is OK. Giving in to the urge is the problem. When you get an urge:   1. Tell yourself the urge will last for at most 20 minutes — just manage the next few minutes.   2. Do something. Mentally distract yourself (call a friend, read a book), use positive self-talk      (remind yourself of your goals), or physically do something (clean your house, take a      walk). Focus on what you’re adding to your life. Many people losing weight have told me it often seems that they’re avoiding doing things, like not eating ice cream. Sometimes, it can be more successful to focus on what I need to do, rather than what I’m trying not to do. Use social support. Being around positive people that we care about can help us make changes.

Changing habits is challenging, but with confidence and the right strategies, you can succeed.

What:

Don’t watch TV while eating (or, flipping it around, no eating while watching TV). Same applies for any “screen time,” such as computer use. And, spend only as much time watching TV as you do exercising.

Why:

Studies show that watching TV contributes to increased weight — you aren’t moving, and there’s also a good chance that you’re sipping or nibbling on something. If you establish the rule of no TV or “screen time” while eating, and only as much time watching TV as time you spend exercising, you’re breaking one bad habit (mindless nibbling) while developing a good one (being more active).

How:

Put a sticky note on the TV and the remote control to remind yourself that you need to exercise before watching TV or while watching TV. Put a sticky note on your computer to remind yourself not to eat while using the computer. Build up TV time by exercising before you turn on the set. Don’t use TV minutes before you’ve earned them. Turn the TV off while eating — you may be more likely to overeat if you get lost in a TV show and don’t pay attention to how much you’re eating. Exercise while watching TV. The possibilities are limited only by your imagination.

Some ideas include:

› Walking “laps” around the living room › Walking on a treadmill › Using a stationary bike › Marching in place › Doing calisthenics › Lifting weights › Using exercise bands

If you’re watching a longer program, exercise during the program and take recovery breaks during the ads, or vice

versa if you’re very new to exercise. If you’re pinched for time, record programs and skip through the commercials when you watch later on. This can reduce watching time by about one-third. Record your TV time as you do exercise time, using The Mayo Clinic Diet Journal. The two times should match.

Use a weekly TV programming guide to schedule exercise at the times when your favorite shows are on. There’s no reason to exclude enjoyment while you control the amount of time you watch. Stick to your schedule once it’s set. Skip the TV altogether and go outside for a walk, bike ride or run, or to do vigorous yardwork. Look for alternatives that help you break the habit of watching TV as you do other things. You’re more likely to move more if you listen to the radio or to books on tape. Put on some music and move! “Out of sight, out of mind,” may be the best way to reduce the temptation of turning on the TV. Move your set so that it’s not a focal point of the room. Watch TV at only one place in the house. Disconnect or remove all other TVs. In particular, TV sets located in bedrooms and kitchens can lure you into motionless watching.

Use positive self-talk — “I can do this!” instead of “I can’t do this.” Talk yourself up, not down. Focus on positives, not negatives.

What:

If you want something sweet, eat fresh fruit. Otherwise, no sugar from common sources — candy, table sugar, brown sugar, honey, jam, jelly, desserts, sweets, and foods that contain more than a tiny amount of sugar or high-fructose corn syrup (such as soda and some coffee drinks).

Why:

Sugar has calories but no nutritional value. Sugar intake has increased tremendously in the United States over the past few decades and has contributed to the increase in obesity.

How:

Before you start the program, rid your home of sweets and sodas, stock up on fresh fruit, and replenish it regularly. Keep fresh or unsweetened frozen or canned fruit available at home and at the office so that you’ve got healthy snacks available. Instead of sugar, put fresh fruit on your morning cereal, toast, pancakes or plain yogurt. Avoid cereals that contain sugar. Instead, try whole-grain cereals such as oatmeal, and use fruit and spices to enhance flavor. Experiment with spices — try cinnamon in unsweetened applesauce as a spread on pancakes or toast. Other spices that may add sweetness include allspice, cardamom, cloves, ginger and nutmeg. Read labels to look for sugar in products. If corn syrup, dextrose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, turbinado sugar, molasses or high-fructose corn syrup is listed among the first few ingredients on a label, the product likely has a high sugar content and should be avoided. Make your own fruit popsicles by blending one or more fruits with a little juice and freezing the mixture. Alcohol is counted as a sugar, and no alcohol is allowed in Lose It! Substitute fruit juice mixed with sparkling water for soda. Or make a fruit smoothie in the blender, mixing fat-free vanilla frozen yogurt and fat-free milk with fruit or frozen juice concentrate. Be creative and test your culinary skills. For dessert, prepare baked apples or grilled pineapple. Try new tastes that challenge and motivate you — and help divert your attention from more familiar, sugar-laden food. Serve fruits such as kumquat, lychee, mango, papaya, pomegranate, star fruit or Ugli fruit, which can be obtained at many grocery stores or specialty food stores.

To be successful, it helps to believe that you can lose weight and to visualize yourself accomplishing your goal. Believe it, see it, do it!

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NEED TO SOOTH YOUR SWEET TOOTH?

Why not just stock up on foods containing low-calorie artificial sweeteners? Sounds like a perfect solution, adding the sweetness of sugar without all the calories or carbohydrates. Not so fast! Many ready-to-eat foods using low- calorie sweeteners — such as diet sodas, candies and cookies — have little nutritional value and should be avoided. In addition, new studies have raised concerns that consuming foods containing low-calorie sweeteners may actually lead to increased calorie intake and weight gain (if you don’t feel inhibited by the sugar, you may eat more than you would otherwise). Low- calorie sweeteners can be part of a healthy-eating plan — if they’re used with care and in moderation. But in the two-week Lose It! phase, avoid sugar substitutes.

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What:

If you want to snack between meals, make it only vegetables or fruits and nothing else.

Why:

Common snacks typically have a lot of calories and little nutritional value for their volume. Vegetables and fruits are just the opposite — they can fill you up without contributing many calories to your daily total, and they’re packed with healthy nutrients. Snacking can be a double-edged sword — snacking on vegetables and fruits a couple of times a day can actually help you manage your weight, while snacking on some conventional commercial snacks can pack on pounds.

How:

Before you start the program, remove from your home all conventional snacks, including cookies, chips, candy and ice cream. Don’t tuck them away in the back of a cupboard or freezer. Don’t think you can resist the temptation of opening the package. Get rid of them! If it’s in your house, it’s in your mouth. Stock your home with plenty of ready-to-eat vegetables and fruits. Don’t expect to get by just on baby carrots — they should be one of many different options you can choose from. Keep vegetables and fruits available at the office so they’re handy for snacks. Try a variety of vegetables and fruits so you don’t get bored with one kind. For example, for fruit, instead of the familiar apples and oranges, try kiwi, mango, Bing cherries and apricots. Experiment with sprinkling different spices and herbs on vegetables and fruits to create new flavors. Establish a pattern of healthy eating every day. Space meals at intervals that are not too long. Allowing too much time to pass between meals can create a ravenous hunger that drives you to mindless snacking. Have some shelf-stable fruits and vegetables at home, for example, unsweetened canned or frozen fruit, frozen vegetables or low-sodium vegetable juice. If you’re not in the habit of reaching for vegetables and fruits first, make an effort to choose them anytime during the day, both as a snack and at the beginning of meals. Identify situations that lead you to snacking, and then try to avoid them or find alternate activities. If you habitually snack during work breaks, try going for a walk instead. If you can’t resist a candy bar whenever you walk past the drugstore, find a different route. If emotions such as anger or sadness give you ice-cream cravings, call or talk to a friend who can listen and help relieve your urge to snack. Distraction is one of the best ways to get you past a snack craving. Prepare a list of enjoyable activities that you have at the ready for when a craving starts. Some form of exercise is an easy method of diverting your attention, but you

Add 5 Habits

What:

Have breakfast every morning. You don’t need to eat a lot — just something to get you off to a good start.

Why:

Research suggests that people who eat breakfast manage their weight better than do people who don’t eat breakfast. Breakfast is associated with improved performance at school and work, and it helps prevent you from becoming ravenous later in the day.

How:

Try whole grains, such as oatmeal, whole-grain cold cereal, whole-grain toast. Go for fresh or frozen unsweetened fruit. Low-fat milk and yogurt, an egg, nuts, seeds, and nut butters such as peanut butter can help you feel satisfied throughout the morning. If time is an issue, place a box of cereal, a bowl and a spoon on the table the evening before. Make a smoothie by taking fruit (bananas, pineapple, fresh or frozen berries), adding low-fat yogurt and blending to a smooth consistency. Hot or cold, choose your cereal by looking on the Nutrition Facts label for fiber (choose more) and sugar content (choose less). If you add milk or yogurt, choose reduced-fat or fat-free varieties. Top with sliced banana or berries. For French toast, dip whole-grain bread in a batter made of egg whites or an egg substitute, a pinch of cinnamon and a few drops of vanilla extract. Fry on a nonstick skillet or use a cooking spray. Top with thinly sliced apples, unsweetened applesauce, berries or sliced banana for sweetness. Keep on hand food that you can grab and take with you to work. Convenient foods include apples, oranges, bananas, whole-grain bagels (mini-sized), pre-portioned cereals, low-fat yogurt in single-serving containers and low-fat cottage cheese in single-serving containers. Stir in berries or fruit to add fiber and sweetness. Make a breakfast wrap with whole-wheat tortillas, roll in scrambled eggs with diced peppers and onions or peanut butter and bananas. If you don’t like traditional breakfast foods, look for something healthy that you do like. For example, fix yourself a sandwich made with lean meat, low-fat cheese, vegetables and whole-grain bread.

If you’re not in the habit of eating breakfast, start with just grabbing a piece of fruit as you walk out the door. Gradually include other food groups. Just like you got used to not eating breakfast, you can make eating breakfast an enjoyable and effective health habit. If you don’t eat breakfast, eventually your body says, “If you’re not going to feed me, I won’t be hungry,” and you don’t miss eating breakfast. But you’ll overeat later in the day. Eating breakfast can help you lose weight and improve your health.

What:

Eat at least four servings of vegetables and three servings of fruits every day.

Why:

Fresh vegetables and fruits are the foundation of a healthy diet and successful weight loss. Most processed foods, regular sodas and sweets contain a lot of calories in just a small portion. Vegetables and fruits are the opposite — lots of bulk and few calories. You can eat generous portions while consuming fewer calories and feel full at the end of your meal.

How:

You don’t need to like all vegetables and fruits — just some of them. Explore different types and varieties of vegetables and fruits for appealing tastes and textures. Vary between raw and cooked vegetables. Lightly cook or steam them for softer texture. Sprinkle them with herbs for flavor. Add a banana, strawberries or another favorite fruit to your cereal or yogurt. When you’re in a hurry, have ready-to-eat frozen vegetables handy as a quick addition to meals. Or use fresh vegetables and fruits that require little preparation, such as baby carrots, cherry tomatoes, cauliflower and grapes. Vegetables, fruits and whole grains should take up the largest portion of your dinner plate. Eat these foods first, rather than reserving them for the end after you’ve finished other items. When planning meals, think first of dishes that contain vegetables or fruits as the centerpiece and then build the rest of your meal around those. Think fresh! Because dried fruit and fruit juice are higher in calories than fresh or unsweetened frozen fruit, the “unlimited servings” rule doesn’t apply to them. Eating them could significantly increase your calorie intake. Snack on vegetables or fruits anytime. Look for ways to incorporate vegetables with other foods or into existing recipes. Add them to soups, casseroles and pizzas, and pile them onto sandwiches. Explore a local farmers market. The freshness and variety may encourage you to try new kinds of produce. When traveling, pack some ready-to-eat vegetables and fruits as quick snacks.

On this program you have the green light to eat veggies and fruit whenever you want and as much as you want. Take advantage of it! Eat them first during a meal to make sure you get them in. Reach for them as snacks. If you’re hungry — eat!

What:

Focus on whole-grain breads, pastas, brown rice, oatmeal and other whole-grain products, instead of white, refined and highly processed products.

Why:

Whole grains include the entire grain kernel, which is packed with essential vitamins, minerals and fiber that are part of a healthy diet. Whole grains also fill you up by adding bulk, and they reduce your risk of being overweight.

How:

Eat whole-grain cereal, such as oatmeal or a bran cereal, at breakfast, or try whole-grain toast instead of white. For ready use, stock your pantry with whole-grain breads (for variety, don’t forget bagels and pita bread), crackers, and pastas, oatmeal, whole-grain brown and wild rice, and whole-grain cereals that aren’t sweetened (if you want added sweetness, pile on fruit). Prepare a meatless main dish such as whole-wheat spinach lasagna, red beans over brown rice, whole-wheat spaghetti with marinara sauce, or vegetable stir-fry over brown rice. Include a side dish using bulgur, kasha, brown rice or whole-grain barley. Try adding wild rice or whole-grain barley to soups, stews and casseroles. Substitute half whole-grain flour for the white flour in pancake, waffle, muffin and bread recipes. When shopping for whole-grain products, look at the food label for specific ingredients such as whole wheat, whole oats or brown rice. Terms such as 100% wheat, multi-grain and stone-ground do not mean the product contains whole grains. Use instant brown rice as a quick and healthy alternative to white rice.

Whole-grain products may taste different at first if you’re not used to them. But if you give them a try, you’ll probably learn to like them. Think about foods you didn’t like when you were younger but that you like now. Many people find that when they get used to the full flavor and texture of whole grains, it’s hard to go back to their refined counterparts.

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GO FOR THE FIBER

Grains (and fruits and vegetables) contain a kind of carbohydrate, called fiber, that resists digestive enzymes and can’t be absorbed by your body. There are two main types — insoluble and soluble. Insoluble fiber — called roughage — is coarse, indigestible plant material best known for promoting healthy digestion. Many common vegetables and whole grains contain significant amounts. Soluble fiber — vegetable, fruit and grain matter that absorbs water — helps lower blood cholesterol levels. Barley, oats and beans contain notable amounts. Fiber-rich foods also slow the uptake of glucose, helping to keep blood sugar steady. Experts recommend consuming 20 to 35 grams of fiber a day.

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What:

When consuming fat, make healthy choices — olive oil, vegetable oils, avocado, nuts and nut butters, and the oils that come from nuts.

Why:

These fats are the most heart healthy. But all fats contain about the same number of calories, so even the healthier kinds should be consumed sparingly to better manage weight.

How:

Check food labels. Compare similar foods and choose the one that’s lower in fat (but make sure that it’s also lower in calories — some low-fat and fat- free foods may be higher in sugar and not much lower in calories).

The types of fat in commercially made products are listed on Nutrition Facts labels. Reduce foods high in saturated fat and trans fat, and select more foods made with unsaturated fats (polyunsaturated and monounsaturated). To reduce saturated fat intake, choose reduced-fat or fat-free milk, yogurt, sour cream, cheese and other dairy products. Select reduced-calorie or fat-free dressings, flavored vinegars or oil-vinegar dressings for your salads. If you don’t use reduced-calorie dressings, use a small amount of extra-virgin olive oil and vinegar (try balsamic, red wine and others). Sprinkle salads with a spoonful of slivered nuts or sunflower seeds. Low-fat cooking techniques save unwanted calories. Try grilling, broiling, baking, roasting or steaming. A good-quality nonstick pan may allow you to cook food without using oil or butter. You can also try cooking spray, low-sodium broth or water instead of using cooking oil. Choose meat with the least amount of visible fat. Trim most of the fat from the edges of the meat. Remove all skin from poultry before cooking. Eat smaller amounts of meat (about the size of a deck of cards). Even small amounts of lean meat and poultry have fat.

Check out your kitchen cupboards and refrigerator. Identify sources of animal fats (cream, butter) and trans fats (shortenings) and get rid of them. Replace with olive oil, vegetable oils and trans fat-free buttery spread. Whenever you use fat, measure it out by the teaspoon.

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FATS: THE GOOD AND THE BAD

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are the best choices. Look for products with little or no saturated fats, and avoid trans fats — both increase blood cholesterol levels. Remember that all fats are high in calories.

Monounsaturated fats are found in olive, canola and peanut oils, as well as most nuts and avocados. Polyunsaturated fats are found in other plant-based oils, such as safflower, corn, sunflower, soybean, sesame and cottonseed oils. Saturated fats are found in animal-based foods, such as meats, poultry, lard, egg yolks and whole-fat dairy products (including butter and cheese). They’re also in cocoa butter and coconut, palm and other tropical oils, which are used in many coffee lighteners, snack crackers, baked goods and other processed foods. Trans fats — also called hydrogenated vegetable oil — are found in hardened vegetable fats, such as stick margarine and vegetable shortening, and in foods made with them (including many crackers, cookies, cakes, pies and other baked goods, as well as many candies, snack foods and french fries).

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What:

Every day, include at least 30 minutes of exercise or walking in your schedule.

Why:

Eating provides calories. Physical activity burns calories. The more physically active you are, the more calories you burn. In addition, physical activity, including exercise, has many health benefits.

How:

The best exercise is the one you’ll do, and the best time to exercise is whenever you can. Any activity is good activity. Walking to the store, weeding the garden and cleaning the house all count. Three 10-minute sessions of brisk walking can provide almost the same benefits that one 30-minute session does. Make “excuses” to become more physically active. Include regular activity breaks in your day to stretch and walk around. Take the stairs instead of the elevator, at least for a few floors. Walk a few extra blocks from where you parked your car. It all adds up. Instead of sitting down to watch television or check your email when you get home, put on your walking shoes and go for a walk. Watch your favorite program or read while you walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike. Make exercise enjoyable. Schedule time for exercise with a friend. Listen to music. Mix things up — don’t feel tied to one activity. If you haven’t been physically active, start slowly and give your body a chance to get used to increased activity. A common mistake is starting an activity program at too high an intensity. If you have trouble getting started, tell yourself that you’ll exercise for only five minutes, then reassess. Chances are you’ll keep going — and feel better.

The hardest part about physical activity is not the doing but the getting started — putting on your shoes and getting out the door to walk or run. Psych yourself up with positive self-talk to overcome any hesitation when you’re deciding whether or not to exercise.

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POSITIVE SELF-TALK TIPS

Instead of, “I’m so tired,” tell yourself, “I’ll feel so energized when I’m done.” Instead of, “I should be better at this by now,” tell yourself, “I’ve made real progress.” Instead of, "Skipping this one won't matter," tell yourself, "Every little bit makes a difference." Instead of, "I'll never stick with this exercise program," tell yourself, "Take one day at a time."

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